Study Guide Answer Key Cardiovascular System
How do you calculate cardiac output (formula)? Heart rate x stroke volume How much blood is contained in the average human?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Which (arteries or veins) carries oxygenated blood? arteries Name the one vessel that is the exception: pulmonary artery 3.
What do you call the loose, outer layer of the sac around the heart? pericardium What side points toward the heart (inside layer)? visceral What layer is on the outside? parietal 4. When vessels expand, it is called vasodilation When they contract?
vasoconstriction 5. Briefly describe the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium epicardium = outer layer endocardium = inner layer, lining the chambers of the heart myocardium = muscle layer of the heart 6. Describe the size and location of the heart. Size of a fist, center of chest Where is the apex of the heart located? point of the heart What divides the left and right side of the heart?
septum Which side of the heart is more muscular? left side What bone lies directly in front of the heart? sternum 7. During systole, the aortic valve is open. During diastole, the aortic valve is closed. Veins and arteries meet at capillaries , where nutrients are exchanged with body tissues.
Arteries branch into smaller vessels called arterioles. Veins also have smaller branches called venuoles. What three things push blood back to the heart (through the veins)? Diaphragm, movement of skeletal muscles, sphincters (valves) What are pre-capillary sphincters?
openings into capillaries that can close 9. Describe the function of the sinoatrial node and trace the path of a nerve (cardiac) impulse through the cardiac conduction system. What is the pacemaker? SA node, regulates the pace of the heart What fibers cause a contraction in the ventricle? Perkinje Fibers Where is the AV node located?
Between right atrium and ventricle of the heart (AV stands for atrioventricular) 10. What do the terms tachycardia and bradycardia mean?
What is arrhythmia? Be able to identify these on an ECG. Tachycardia = rapid heart rate; bradycardia = slow heart rate; arrhymia = irregular heart rate 11.
Generally speaking, when the ventricle contracts, the atrium relaxes Any contraction (atrial or ventricular) is called systole Relaxing is called diastole. At what point is blood pressure at its highest? During ventricular contraction 13.
Identify the P-Wave, the QRS complex and a T wave on an ECG. P is the first small bump, QRS is the large peak, and T is the small wave after the peak What is an ECG? (Be able to analyze one) - electrocardiogram 14.
What is a defibrillator used for? How does it work? Shocks the heart back to its normal rhythm 15. What are systolic pressure and diastolic pressure? What is the “normal” blood pressure for a human?
Systolic is the high upper number, diastolic is the lower number. Normal pressure is 120/80 16. What two piece of equipment are needed to take a person’s blood pressure?
Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer Describe the procedure: the stethoscope is places at the brachial artery (elbow) and the cuff is wrapped around the arm, the cuff is inflated and then the valve is released slowly. The first time you hear the sound of a heart beat is the systolic pressure.
The cuff continues to deflate until you no longer hear the sound, this is the diastolic pressure. Name and give the function of all four valves of the heart. Some have multiple names; make sure you know all of them. Right atrioventricular valve is also the tricuspid; left atrioventricular valve is also the bicuspid, or mitral valve 18.
Blood that moves from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again is in the pulmonary circuit. Blood moving throughout the body is in the systemic circuit.
List the three major vessels that branch off of the aortic arch. You may want to draw a diagram. Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian 20. Label all of the major vessels that attach to the heart. Superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta 21. Label a diagram of the heart and trace the flow of blood through the heart.
Cardiovascular System Study Guide Answer Key
. An Introduction to the Cardiovascular System The can be thought of as the transport system of the body. This system has three main components: the, the and the blood itself. The heart is the system’s pump and the blood vessels are like the delivery routes. Blood can be thought of as a fluid which contains the oxygen and nutrients the body needs and carries the wastes which need to be removed. The following information describes the structure and function of the heart and the cardiovascular system as a whole.
Structure and Function of the Heart Function and Location of the Heart The heart’s job is to pump blood around the body. The heart is located in between the two lungs.
It lies left of the middle of the chest. Structure of the Heart The heart is a muscle about the size of a fist, and is roughly cone-shaped. It is about 12cm long, 9cm across the broadest point and about 6cm thick.
The is a fibrous covering which wraps around the whole heart. It holds the heart in place but allows it to move as it beats. The wall of the heart itself is made up of a special type of muscle called.
Chambers of the Heart The heart has two sides, the right side and the left side. The heart has four chambers. The left and right side each have two chambers, a top chamber and a bottom chamber.
The two top chambers are known as the (singular: atrium). The atria receive blood from different sources. The left atrium receives blood from the lungs and the right atrium receives blood from the rest of the body.
The bottom two chambers are known as the left and right ventricles. The pump blood out to different parts of the body.
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs while the left ventricle pumps out blood to the rest of the body. The ventricles have much thicker walls than the atria which allows them to perform more work by pumping out blood to the whole body. Blood Vessels Blood Vessel are tubes which carry blood.
Are blood vessels which carry blood from the body back to the heart. Are blood vessels which carry blood from the heart to the body. There are also microscopic blood vessels which connect arteries and veins together called.
There are a few main blood vessels which connect to different chambers of the heart. The aorta is the largest artery in our body. The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta which then carries it to the rest of the body through smaller arteries. The is the large artery which the right ventricle pumps into. It splits into which take the blood to the lungs. The take blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
All the other veins in our body drain into the or the. These two large veins then take the blood from the rest of the body into the right atrium. Valves are fibrous flaps of tissue found between the heart chambers and in the blood vessels. They are rather like gates which prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction. They are found in a number of places. Valves between the atria and ventricles are known as the, otherwise known as the tricuspid and mitral valves respectively.
Chapter 15 Cardiovascular System Study Guide Answer Key
Valves between the ventricles and the great arteries are known as the. The is found at the base of the aorta, while the is found the base of the pulmonary trunk. There are also many valves found in veins throughout the body. However, there are no valves found in any of the other arteries besides the aorta and pulmonary trunk. What is the Cardiovascular System? The cardiovascular system refers to the heart, blood vessels and the blood.
Blood contains oxygen and other nutrients which your body needs to survive. The body takes these essential nutrients from the blood. At the same time, the body dumps waste products like carbon dioxide, back into the blood, so they can be removed. The main function of the cardiovascular system is therefore to maintain blood flow to all parts of the body, to allow it to survive. Veins deliver used blood from the body back to the heart. Blood in the veins is low in oxygen (as it has been taken out by the body) and high in carbon dioxide (as the body has unloaded it back into the blood). All the veins drain into the superior and inferior vena cava which then drain into the right atrium.
The right atrium pumps blood into the right ventricle. Then the right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk, through the pulmonary arteries and into the lungs. In the lungs the blood picks up oxygen that we breathe in and gets rid of carbon dioxide, which we breathe out. The blood is becomes rich in oxygen which the body can use.
From the lungs, blood drains into the left atrium and is then pumped into the left ventricle. The left ventricle then pumps this oxygen-rich blood out into the aorta which then distributes it to the rest of the body through other arteries. The main arteries which branch off the aorta and take blood to specific parts of the body are:., which take blood to the neck and head., which provide blood supply to the heart itself., which takes blood to the liver with branches going to the stomach., which takes blood to the intestines., which takes blood to the kidneys., which take blood to the legs The body is then able to use the oxygen in the blood to carry out its normal functions. This blood will again return back to the heart through the veins and the cycle continues.