• Anatomy And Physiology 7th Edition Study Guide Chapter 11
• Anatomy And Physiology 7th Edition Study Guide Ch 131

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Human Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy - the study of the form or structure and arrangement of body parts and their relationships Physiology - the study of the functions of the body parts or structures and their relationships in maintaining life processes. Levels of Structural Organization The human body consists of levels of structural organization that are associated with one another. There are six levels of structural organization: I.

Chemical level - It is the simplest level and it includes all of the chemical substances essential for maintaining life. These substances are made up of atoms. An atom is the smallest unit of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.

Atoms combine to form molecules, which may be simple or complex. Different types of molecules combine to form oranelles ('little organs'). Organelles are specific structures that carry out specific functions. Cellular level - The cell is the basic unit of structure and function and of life. Cells vary in size, shape, and function and may contain many types of organelles.

Tissue level - Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function. There are four major types of tissues in the human body: a. Epithelial tissue - It is found lining body cavities and covers the surface of the body. It functions in protection, secretion, and excretion. Connective tissue - It is found on the surfaces of and in organs and tissues and functions in protection, support, and attaching organs and tissues to each other and to the walls of body cavities.

Muscle tissue - It functions in the movement of body parts and organs, and in the movement of substances throughout the body. There are three major types of muscle tissue: (1) skeletal muscle - It is found attached to and covering bones and it functions in body movement. (2) cardiac muscle - It is located in the heart wall and functions in the contraction and relaxation of the heart as.CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OBJECTIVES 1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. List, in order from least to most complex, the levels of structural organization, discuss the relationship between the levels, and name an example at each level. List the 11 organ systems of the human organism, name the major organs within each, and give a general function for each system. Name the six life processes that distinguish living from non-living things.

Specify the five environmental needs required for life. Define the term homeostasis, and explain how a homeostatic mechanism is regulated (i.e. Negative feedback) by using an example we discussed in class. Demonstrate what is meant by 'anatomical position'. Define various directional terms (i.e. Superior, inferior, etc.), and compare different body parts using these terms (i.e. The elbow is proximal to the wrist).

List both anterior and posterior anatomical landmarks (i.e. Orbital, inguinal, etc.). Name the three major body sections (planes, cuts), and describe how each would be accomplished. Designate the five major human body cavities and name the organs within each on a human diagram. CHAPTER 1: AN.Unit 3 Lecture Study Guide 1. List the 4 primary tissue types and give the general characteristics and functions of each one. Epithelium- The epithelium protects us from the outside world.

Skin, absorbs. Stomach and intestinal lining, filters. The kidney, secretes. Forming of glands, closely attached to each other forming a protective barrier, always has one free surface open to outside the body or inside an internal organ, has no blood vessels but can soak up nutrients from blood vessels in connective tissue underneath, always had one fixed section attached to underlying connective tissue, and can have lots of nerves in it. Connective Tissue- The connective tissue runs through organ capsules and deep layers of skin giving strength, wraps around and cushions and protects organs, internal support of organs, as tendon and ligaments protects joints and attached muscles to bone and each other, stores nutrients, ground substance, fibers, cells. Nervous Tissue- The nervous tissue conducts impulses to and from body organs via neurons, brain, spinal cord, nerves.

Muscle Tissue- The muscle tissue is responsible for body movement, moves blood, food, waste through body’s organs, responsible for mechanical digestion 2. How are epithelial tissues classified? Size and shape the number of cell layers, shape of the cells, whether the cells are ciliated or unciliated. How does the type of epithelial tissue relate to its function?. Seminar 1 Option 2 Elizabeth Boatfield Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology SC121 Instructor: Eric D. Steelman, DHSc(c), MPH, MS, RLATG A course assignment presented to Kaplan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the SC121 curriculum September 4, 2014 Anatomy and Physiology are studied together but differ in many ways but go hand in hand in studying the human body.

Anatomy is the study of the relationships of the body structures. Anatomy was first studied by dissections of the body’s structures and the relationships the body shares with these structures. Studies of anatomy include: developmental biology, embryology, histology, gross anatomy, cell biology, systemic anatomy, surface anatomy, regional anatomy, pathological anatomy, and imaging anatomy. Physiology is the study of how the parts work and the body’s function.

Anatomy And Physiology 7th Edition Study Guide Chapter 11

Physiology also has several branches of studies which are: Neurophysiology, Endocrinology, Immunology, Exercise physiology, Cardiovascular physiology, Renal physiology, Respiratory physiology, and pathophysiology. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014) Anatomical.WEEK 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1. Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of body and parts, while physiology is the study of how the body work and function, their relationship is seen for example in the heart, there are two valves ( anatomy) and these two valves help the heart pump blood.

Anatomy And Physiology 7th Edition Study Guide Ch 131

The atom is the smallest particle of an element. An example is carbon ( C ) which is the building block of life. A group of atoms could form for example, a water molecule (H2O ) which is two or more atoms joined together and these molecules if larger in size becomes macromolecules which are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and are also known as nutrients which are parts of the organelles such as a nucleus which are parts of cells with specific functions and they make up the cell and helps perform functions such as destroying harmful substances such as white blood cells. Other types of cells join together to form tissues, which perform a function such as epithelia for a larger organ such as skin. Another example is the nervous tissue for the brain.

Organs make up organ systems such as the cardiovascular system for the heart, and an organ system is a group of organs which work collectively to carry out a process in the organism, which are made up of many organ systems which may be part of a larger population.BIO 157 Anatomy & Physiology I Instructor: Dr. Philip Wahr pwahr@monroeccc.edu Office: L117 Levels of Organization Chemical Increasing complexity Cellular Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Population Ecosystem Definitions Anatomy: Structure How do structures relate to each other? -Surface anatomy -Regional anatomy -Systemic anatomy -Comparative anatomy -Developmental anatomy/embryology -Microscopic anatomy -cytology -histology Definitions Physiology: Function -Cell physiology -Organ physiology -Systemic physiology -Pathology Homeostasis: The tendency to maintain constant, favorable internal conditions Homeostasis The tendency of the body to maintain favorable internal body conditions within a narrow range despite changes in the internal or external environment. Is a dynamic process to detect and correct changes in the body The set point is the ‘normal’ value of a controlled variable.

Utilizes feedback mechanisms to keep the controlled variable near the set point Many different homeostatic mechanisms take place simultaneously Homeostasis Feedback loops Controlled condition Effector Sensor (receptor) Control center Feedback loops Negative feedback: changes in a variable lead to changes that oppose the initial change Most common type of feedback Prevents uncontrolled.WEEK 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. Anatomy is the study of the human body while physiology, is the study of how the body functions. For example, the cardiovascular system includes the heart, veins, and blood.

The heart produces a controlled electrical shock that causes the heart to contort. This creates a pumping action that pushes the blood through the veins and arties of the body. List, in order from least to most complex, the levels of structural organization, discuss the relationship between the levels, and name an example at each level. A) Chemical Level: atoms combine to form molecules. B) Cellular Level: cells are made up of molecules. C) Tissue Level: tissues consist of similar types of cells.

D) Organ Level: organs are made up of different tissues. Ex) Muscles are made of connective tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, and nerve tissue.

E) Organ System Level: organ systems are consist of different organs that work closely together. Ex) The digestive system is made up of the mouth, esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the gallbladder, the rectum, etc. F) Organismal Level: human organisms are made up of many organ systems.WEEK 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1.

Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function. Anatomy: The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other organisms, esp. As revealed by dissection.

Physiology: The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. Anatomy and physiology are connected in the way of not being able to understand one without the other. For example, to understand your lungs functions of breathing through physiology, you have to understand the parts and structure of them ( anatomy) such as the bronchial tree and alveoli. List, in order from least to most complex, the levels of structural organization, discuss the relationship between the levels, and name an example at each level. Chemical – Here, atoms combine to form molecular structures of organelles (carbon) 2.

Organelle – Small structures of different purposes that come together to form cells (mitochondria) 3. Cells – the smallest units of all living things (prokaryotic) 4. Tissues – groups of similar cells with common functions (brain tissue) 5. Organ – A structure that is composed. STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL EXAM AP120 CHAPTER 16 Respiratory system (20) 1) The atmosphere is composed of which gases? 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen,.04 carbon dioxide Which gas is most abundant in the air you breath?

Nitrogen 2) Define dypsnea – difficult or labored breathing, air hunger hyperventilation – breathing rapidly and deeply hypoventilation, cyanosis – a blueish color of the skin and mucous membranes and hypoxia – deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues (oxygen levels are too low) 3) Trace the path of air flow through the respiratory tract from the nose to the alveolus. Nose Pharyx Trachea Bronchi (lungs start here) Bronchioles Alveoli 4) Describe the anatomy of the larynx.

Made out of 3 cartilages Name the three largest laryngeal cartilages and the bone involved in swallowing. Epiglottic cartilage, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone Which cartilage keeps food from entering the glottis? Epiglottis 5) What is the pharynx? The throat What role does it play in respiration? For air passing between the nasal cavity and the larynx In digestion?

Passageway for food traveling from the oral cavity to esophagus 6) Name at least 3 roles of the nose/nasal cavity. Warms, cleanes, humidifies inhaled air, detects odor, chamber that amplifies the voice, mucus traps bacteria and the bacteria is destroyed by lysozyme 7) What keeps the food that we swallow from going down our.